Heat treatment is a crucial technique for regulating the microstructure of alloys to achieve optimal mechanical, electrical, and related properties. . The resistance–temperature characteristic provides an effective means of characterizing continuous microstructural transformations during heat treatment, serving as an important reference for precise microstructural control.. This article reviews research on alloy resistance–temperature characteristics, including microstructural phase transformations, precipitation kinetics, short-range diffusion, determination of heat treatment parameters, and control of the resistance temperature coefficient. Related testing instruments and methods are examined, along with comparisons to other characterization techniques. The aim is to offer guidance on using dynamic resistance characterization to study microstructure regulation during heat treatment and to enhance the properties of alloy materials.